Policy Deep Dive

Tribal Sovereignty & Land Back

Moving beyond words to meaningful action. Rabbi Fora's commitment to true government-to-government partnership with Oregon's tribes.

Tribal Oregon by the Numbers

Oregon exists on the ancestral homelands of many Indigenous peoples. Before colonization, this land was home to the Multnomah, Clackamas, Chinook, Kalapuya, Molalla, Tillamook, and many other nations who stewarded this land for thousands of years. Today, nine federally recognized tribes call Oregon home. Acknowledging this history is the first step. The next step is action.

9
Federally recognized tribes in Oregon, with approximately 70,000 Native American residents[1]
~2%
Oregon land currently held in tribal trust, just a fraction of treaty-promised territories[2]
50%
Reduction in catastrophic wildfire risk through traditional Indigenous fire management practices[3]

True equality requires more than acknowledgment. It requires actively repairing the harm caused by generations of broken treaties and building genuine government-to-government relationships with all nine of Oregon's federally recognized tribes.

Oregon's Federally Recognized Tribes

Rabbi Fora is committed to building genuine government-to-government relationships with all nine of Oregon's federally recognized tribes:

Burns Paiute Tribe
Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua & Siuslaw
Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde
Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
Coquille Indian Tribe
Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians
Klamath Tribes

Land Back: Restoring What Was Taken

Land Back is not a slogan. It's a moral imperative and a practical policy. Indigenous peoples are the original stewards of this land, and returning land to tribal management benefits everyone: better environmental outcomes, stronger communities, and honoring our legal and moral obligations.

"We must move beyond words to meaningful action. Land Back is not about taking land from current residents. It's about restoring tribal sovereignty over public lands and ensuring tribes have a land base for self-governance and cultural practice."

Rabbi Fora

What Land Back Means in Practice:

  • Transfer State Lands

    Work with the legislature to transfer appropriate state-owned lands to tribal ownership and management, prioritizing ancestral territories and lands with cultural significance.

  • Co-Management Agreements

    Establish co-management arrangements for state parks, forests, and other public lands that incorporate traditional ecological knowledge.

  • First Right of Refusal

    Give tribes first right of refusal when state lands are sold or transferred.

  • Support Federal Efforts

    Actively support federal legislation to return federal lands in Oregon to tribal ownership.

Office of First Nations

Tribal affairs cannot be an afterthought. They must be central to Oregon's governance. Rabbi Fora will create a cabinet-level Office of First Nations to ensure tribal voices are heard at the highest levels of state government.

Cabinet-Level Authority

The Office will have cabinet-level authority, with direct access to the Governor and influence over all state policy that affects tribal communities.

Tribal Leadership

The Office will be led by tribal members and staffed with people who understand tribal governance from the inside.

Mandatory Consultation

All state agencies will be required to consult with the Office and with affected tribes directly before taking any action that impacts tribal interests.

Treaty Enforcement

The Office will monitor state compliance with tribal treaties and agreements, ensuring Oregon honors its legal obligations.

Honoring Treaty Rights

Treaties are the supreme law of the land. They are not historical artifacts. They are living legal documents that guarantee tribal rights. Oregon has too often ignored or undermined these obligations.

  • State-Level Treaty Enforcement

    Direct state agencies to actively enforce treaty rights, including fishing, hunting, and gathering rights.

  • Protect Sacred Sites

    Ensure development and resource extraction do not disturb sacred sites, burial grounds, or places of cultural significance.

  • Water Rights

    Support tribal water rights and ensure tribes have access to clean water for cultural practices, fishing, and community needs.

  • Salmon Restoration

    Partner with tribes on salmon restoration, recognizing the cultural, spiritual, and economic importance of salmon to tribal communities.

State Recognition & Support

Federal recognition is a long, difficult process, and some tribal communities have maintained their identity and culture for centuries without it. Oregon can and should recognize these communities at the state level.

State Recognition Process

Create a meaningful state recognition process for tribes that lack federal recognition, providing access to state resources and formal government-to-government relationships.

Support Federal Recognition

Actively support tribes seeking federal recognition, providing resources and advocacy at the federal level.

Language & Cultural Revitalization

Colonial policies deliberately tried to erase Indigenous languages and cultures. Oregon has a responsibility to support their revival and preservation.

  • Language Preservation Grants

    Expand state funding for tribal language preservation programs, including immersion schools, elder-youth language programs, and documentation efforts.

  • Cultural Education

    Require Oregon history curriculum to include accurate, tribe-approved content about Indigenous history, developed in partnership with tribal education departments.

  • NAGPRA Compliance

    Ensure full state compliance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, returning ancestral remains and cultural items held by state institutions.

  • Support Cultural Centers

    Provide state funding for tribal cultural centers, museums, and heritage programs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Land Back mean taking land from private homeowners?

No. Land Back focuses on returning public lands (state forests, parks, and federally managed areas) to tribal stewardship. It's about transferring government-held lands, not private property. Many Land Back initiatives are about co-management, where tribes share management responsibilities for lands they know intimately.

Why create a cabinet-level Office of First Nations?

Tribal affairs have historically been buried in agencies with no real power. A cabinet-level office ensures tribal voices are heard before decisions are made, not after. It's about consultation, not paperwork, and it saves time and money by avoiding conflicts that arise when tribes are ignored.

How can Oregon enforce treaty rights when treaties are federal documents?

While treaties are federal law, states can choose to actively support or undermine them. Oregon can direct its agencies to respect treaty-protected fishing and gathering rights, refuse to prosecute treaty-protected activities, and advocate for tribal interests at the federal level.

Questions or Feedback?

Have questions about Rabbi Fora's tribal sovereignty policy? Want to share your thoughts? We'd love to hear from you.

Support Tribal Sovereignty

True partnership with Oregon's tribes isn't just the right thing to do. It makes Oregon stronger. Join us in building a future that honors the past.

Sources & Citations

  1. [1] U.S. Census Bureau. "American Indian and Alaska Native Population: Oregon." 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Available at: data.census.gov
  2. [2] Bureau of Indian Affairs. "Who We Are: Northwest Regional Office." Tribal trust lands in Oregon represent less than 2% of state territory. Available at: www.bia.gov
  3. [3] Lake, F.K. et al. "Returning fire to the land: celebrating traditional knowledge and fire." Journal of Forestry (2017). Traditional burning reduces wildfire severity by up to 50%. Available at: academic.oup.com